Screening for resistance to cypress canker disease (Seiridium cardinale) in several Greek provenances of Cupressus sempervirens. The best growth occurs in regions with a mean annual rainfall of about 1000 mm, and a minimum summer and a mean annual temperature of 15-20°C. A handbook of the World's conifers [ed. Mediterranean Cypress. Outstanding classic Mediterranean cypress with attractive blue-green foliage. http://www.chileflora.com/Florachilena/FloraEnglish/HighResPages/EH1077.htm. Mimosa are quick-growing trees that need a sheltered spot and prefer neutral to acid soil. Cypress tree, a superb conifer Planting Mediterranean cypress. Gordon, Chamaecyparis thujiformis R.Sm. It also tolerates winter temperatures as low as -20°C (Puric, 1967). The Italian Cypress (or to give it its botanical name, Cupressus sempervirens) are also called ‘Mediterranean Cypress’, as they are often found growing throughout the Southern European/Western Asian regions. Cupressus sempervirens L. var. Il cipresso nell'economia vivaistica pistoiese. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Manoa, Hawaii, USA: USDA Forest Service, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. DOI:10.1100/2012/971903. numidicaTrab. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares, vol. Online Database. dupreziana (A. Camus) Silba, Cupressus sempervirens var. The Content Of The Article: Central European climate not suitable for every cypress; Proper protection needed for outdoor cypresses. Cupressus sempervirens Mediterranean cypress is a medium-sized coniferous evergreen tree to 35 m tall, with a conic crown with … PIER, 2015. Oviedo Prieto R, Herrera Oliver P, Caluff M G, et al, 2012. II Cipresso, Regione Toscana, Firenze. L'artigiano, Firenze, 183-193. Buy Cypress Trees and get the best deals at the lowest prices on eBay! Slavik B; Jarolimova V; Chrtek J, 1993. Raddi P; Panconesi A, 1995. atlantica (Gaussen) Silba, Cupressus sempervirens var. Silvae Genetica, 38(5-6):168-172; 18 ref. > 0°C, wet all year, Cs - Warm temperate climate with dry summer, Warm average temp. Richmond, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Cypress: diseases and protection. Higher than 12 metres, Ultimate spread Hokche O; Berry PE; Huber O, 2008. In: Progress in EEC research on cypress diseases. USDA-Forest Service. In cultivation it is often propagated by cuttings and layering (Farjon, 2013). Conifers: morphology and variation. Flora de Chiapas. Cupressus horizontalisMill. Hokche O, Berry PE, Huber O, 2008. Zootaxa. Italian cypress trees (Cupressus sempervirens) are good privacy screens and live 50 to 150 years. It is now widely found in the whole Mediterranean region, and in other areas with similar climate including California, South Africa and southern Australia. Exceptionally dense, blue-green foliage on a rigid, columnar form is a valuable architectural accent both in the summer and under winter snow. Path., 20:140-147. In: Tessier du Cros E (ed). horizontalis(Mill.) 6 (Special Issue No. 1), 22-96. The family Cupressaceae includes 30 genera and 133 species of conifers distributed especially in the Northern Hemisphere, more scattered in south temperate regions (Stevens, 2012). The seed cones look like brown, ovoid balls up to 1.5” (4 cm) long. pyramidalis (right). Idárraga-Piedrahita A, Ortiz RDC, Callejas Posada R, Merello M, 2011. EUR 12493, Eu, 14-25. Mediterranean cypress is also known as Pencil Pine due to unusual shape of the crown. In: Tessier du Cros E (ed). Informatore Fitopatologico, 27(11):11-14. In: Ceiba, 44 105-268. It's perfect for providing fragrant... Olive trees. L'artigiano, Firenze, 51-67. Cupressus are vigorous, evergreen trees with flaking or scaly bark, often with columnar or narrowly ovoid crowns, small, often aromatic, scale-like leaves and small, spherical female cones, Details Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. In: Ponchet J (ed). Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. (Flora de Antioquia). In: Ressources Médicinales de la Flore Francaise, 124-128. Mediterranean garden plants Cypress trees. Leaves in 4 ranks, densely appressed, dark green, not glaucous, 0.5-1 mm, ridged abaxially, without a conspicuous abaxial gland, apex obtuse or subacute. horizontalis in Iran. 386. it is a human commensal), Highly likely to be transported internationally deliberately. It is common in disturbed areas along roadsides, gardens, parks and cemeteries (Farjon, 2005). Cypress aphid, Cinara cupressi, a new pest of conifers in eastern and southern Africa. Listados Florísticos de México, 4: 1-246. Il Cipresso, Firenze, 207-220. RHS Garden Hyde Hall Spring and Orchid Show, Free entry to RHS members at selected Ponchet J, 1990. Their tall, narrow growth habit is iconic to the Italian countryside, where you see Italian Cypress Trees in a row lining numerous roads, paths, and driveways. Evergreen Tree Identification. Chileflora. Chromosome counts of some plants from Cyprus. Candollea, 48(1):221-230. Low Maintenance The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T32518A2821211.en, Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2015. EEC, 1983. The foliage is aromatic when crushed. Branch dieback of brown-berried juniper in Israel caused by Phomopsis occulta. Cupressus sempervirens L. var. Protect from cool, drying winds. Cupressus sempervirens Linné 1753. Pollination is anemophilous. Excellent for ordinary use in appropriate conditions. Other common names Mediterranean cypress Italian cypress Family Cupressaceae Genus Cupressus are vigorous, evergreen trees with flaking or scaly bark, often with columnar or narrowly ovoid crowns, small, often aromatic, scale-like leaves and small, spherical female cones Like many Mediterranean herbs, rosemary is both useful and ornamental. USDA Agriculture Handbook No. Journal of Forest Products and Industries, 3:167-169. Flora de Chiapas. Agriculture Handbook no. Cupressus sempervirens-Italian cypress. Il Cipresso: malattie e difesa. In: Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, 127 1-1744. The unusually tall and narrow shape of the Italian Cypress is hard to miss; often tucked into confined spaces yet towering above nearby trees and buildings. It is widely thought that only the horizontal form predates human activity, with the fastigiate form having a horticultural origin dating to early historic or prehistoric times. Jørgensen PM; Nee MH; Beck SG, 2014. 89 (11), 1246. Pezuela Jde la, 1863. horizontalis(Mill.) Checklist of Plants of the Mariana Islands. Coastal Architectural, Diseases Wood quality and uses. Propagate by seed or semi-hardwood cuttings, Suggested planting locations and garden types Diseases. Overwintering cypress trees - this way, the Mediterranean plant can survive the cold temperatures. Like all conifers, the Mediterranean cypress is monoecious, which means that it produces relatively inconspicuous male and female flowers on every plant. 1192 pp. horizontalis (Mill.) Architectural and long-lived, Cupressus sempervirens (Italian Cypress) is a narrow, columnar, evergreen conifer forming a handsome exclamation point in the landscape. Report EUR 12493 EU. .membership-promo { background-image: none !important } Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela (New catalogue of the vascular flora of Venezuela). A Practical Handbook. J. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Allergy, 60(3):293-301. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/servlet/useragent?func=showIssues&code=all, Ciesla WM, 1991. Cipressacées. World Checklist of Cupressaceae. 020 3176 5800 Wallingford, UK: CABI, DAISIE, 2015. Madar Z; Kimchi M, 1998. C. sempervirens spreads by seeds. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. Giannini R; Capuana M; Giovannelli A, 1999. DAISIE, 2015. Firenze, Italy; Studio Leonardo. In November they turn pale yellow, and the seed gradually reaches maturation in the second year after pollination, between summer and late autumn. Growth and yield of Cupressus stands. The following description is taken from Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015):C. sempervirens is a tree growing up to 30 m tall; bark grayish brown, shallowly fissured; branches ascending or horizontally spreading; branchlets not arranged in a plane, ultimate ones 4-angled, approximately 1 mm in diameter. If you select any attributes with or without a plant name, you will see a much narrower selection of results taken only from the old RHS Plant Selector database. Roques A; Battisti A, 1999. Genetic variability of tolerance to cold in Cupressus sempervirens progenies. Plant Pathology. Cupressaceae, Genus Cupressus sempervirens. Forest Pathology. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. It is now widely found in the whole Mediterranean region, and in other areas with similar climate including California, South Africa and southern Australia. Online resource for Cupressus sempervirens., http://www.chileflora.com/Florachilena/FloraEnglish/HighResPages/EH1077.htm, Braasch H, 2001. Insects pests of cypress. Synonymy (Farjon 2005): 1. First report of diplodia canker of cypress caused by Diplodia pinea f.sp. Leyland Cypress is a large tree to 30 feet, and a relative of things like pine trees. Diseases of forest and shade trees of the United States. Extremely easy to manage these stunning trees will maintain a pristine pencil shape with simple trimming. Stevens PF, 2012. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. unpaginated. Bulletin OEPP. Genus Cupressus. Rivalling the olive as a Mediterranean icon, cypresses are striking evergreens that tolerate dry... Rosemary. Castagnoli M; Simoni S, 1998. Despite their longevity, Cypress Trees do not typically exceed a height of 70 feet, and many Cypress Trees are much shorter, averaging near 40 feet tall. Little EL Jr, 1970. Choose a sunny, well-draining site for this Mediterranean tree. Cypress. Cypress. Virtually all of the features of the old searches are still available and in addition we have added several new features to create a more comprehensive and user friendly search experience. (Listado comentado de los árboles nativos y cultivados en la República de El Salvador.) Relations phylogeniques dans le genre Cupressus (Cupressaceae). Cypress. Maladies du cyprès, Report EUR 9200. Thibaut B; Carvalho A; Paraskevopoulou K; Zanuttini R; Chanson B; Gérard J, 1999. The Royal Horticultural Society is the UK’s leading gardening charity. Susceptible to coryneum canker. Cypress trees are a popular type of evergreen conifer, which remain attractive all year round and are very low-maintenance. Trouble With Italian Cypress Trees. Bissea: Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba. DOI:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2016.034.021, Barbar Z, 2018. Watson GW; Voegtlin DJ; Murphy ST; Foottit RG, 1999. A Practical Handbook. Progress in EEC research on cypress diseases, 127-136. Its wood is also appreciated for its CABI is a registered EU trademark. (Lista nacional de especies de plantas invasoras y potencialmente invasoras en la República de Cuba - 2011). The Mediterranean climate is a dryland climate. The green leaves of these European cypress trees are scale-like and grow on rounded shoots. A Practical Handbook. 21. A Practical Handbook, Studio Leonardo, Firenze, 35-44. Shahali Y; Sutra JP; Haddad I; Vinh J; Guilloux L; Peltre G; Sénéchal H; Poncet P, 2012. Fact Sheet ST-225. Flora of Antioquia. Try an advanced search, RHS Registered Charity no. Ephedra alte (joint pine): an invasive, problematic weedy species in forestry and fruit tree orchards in Jordan. http://www.europe-aliens.org/, Danti R, Rocca G della, El-Wahidi F, 2009. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi. Studio Leonardo, Firenze, 74-95. Belov M, 2009. Garnier G; Bezanger B; Beauquesne L; Debraux G, 1961. 34 (3), 421-424. http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/, Bahari A, Alavi S M, Shams-Bakhsh M, Saberi E, 2016. horizontalis(Mill.) Il Cipresso: malattie e difesa. Not too wet and not too dry; Not … An essential oil is distilled from the shoots and it is used in perfumery and soap making. Grubben GJH, Denton OA, eds. Cupressus sempervirens L. f. Medicinal uses have been reported for its fruits which are used as anthelmintic, antipyretic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, aromatherapy, astringent, and vasoconstrictor. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. This tall and … http://www.prota4u.info. 1-69. > 10°C, Cold average temp. Cupressus sempervirens L. subsp. Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe. There is also some question as to whether the fastigiate form is strictly heritable; it appears that "horizontal" specimens may arise from "fastigiate" stock (Farjon 2005). Raddi P; Panconesi A, 1997. 40 (6), 485-499. Scale insects species (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. Listado de las Plantas Vasculares del Departamento de Antioquia:939 pp. Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), also known as Tuscan Cypress, Persian Cypress, and Pencil Pine, is an evergreen tree that is used for Mediterranean-style landscaping. Raulerson L, 2006. In: Grasso V, Raddi P (eds). It is possible for cones to remain unopened on the tree for many years until a fire induces them to open and subsequently to shed viable seed (Vidakovic, 1991). A pair of Fabulous Italian Cypress trees make the perfect display either side of gates, doorways, porches Very easy to grow, these pencil slim conifers are widely used in Mediterranean gardens Tough and hardy here in the Uk, they grow reasonably quickly (15-25cm a year), in big pots or direct in the garden This is the Top 10 of Mediterranean high yield low maintenance trees. Divided into 3 groups these lists, linked below, are maintained by a team of RHS staff and are reviewed annually. Honolulu, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. It is also planted as a windbreak in agricultural areas (Vidakovic, 1991; Farjon, 2013; PROTA, 2015). Phytoparasitica, 26(2):127-128; 8 ref. [English title not available]. 4. Compendium record. In the autumn or more usually in winter, the scales open out further and the seeds are released. 1913. Catalogue of plants introduced and cultivated in New Caledonia (Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivees en Nouvelle-Caledonie). DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0329.2009.00624.x. Sphaeropsis canker, a new disease of cypress in Greece. Diccionario geografico, estadistico, historico de la isla de Cuba ([English title not available]). Raddi P, 1979. Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l'Herbier de la Polynésie Française (PAP) (Botanical database of the Nadeaud Herbarium of French Polynesia). ex Gordon, Cupressus sempervirens var. Washington, DC, USA: USDA-Forest Service. A Practical Handbook, Studio Leonardo, Firenze, 45-54. In: Panconesi A (ed). They are: This plant will provide nectar and pollen for bees and the many other types of pollinating insects. Webb CJ; Sykes WR; Garnock-Jones PJ, 1988. Volume 1: knowledge and information.]. O. maculatus on cypress cone affected by S. cardinale. Raulerson L, 2006. ex Carrière, Highly adaptable to different environments, Tolerates, or benefits from, cultivation, browsing pressure, mutilation, fire etc, Benefits from human association (i.e. The species name sempervirens comes from the Latin for 'evergreen'. University of Guam Herbarium Contribution, 37. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, Webb C J, Sykes W R, Garnock-Jones P J, 1988. Flora of China., St. Louis, Missouri; Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. C. sempervirens is cultivated as an ornamental and timber tree. Location: When choosing a location for your Mediterranean Cypress, find a location that receives full to partial sun with soil that is well draining. Linares JL, 2005. Cupressus horizontalis Mill. Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. Acevedo-Rodríguez P; Strong MT, 2012. .membership-promo > p { font-size: 2.4em } The chromosome number reported for C. sempervirens is 2n = 22, 44 (Slavik et al., 1993). Raddi P; Panconesi A; Xenopoulos S; Ferrandes P; Andréoli C, 1990. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.2001.tb00982.x. Wageningen, Netherlands: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. The cones are ovoid, 1.5 in. Aspetti botanici del genere Cupressus (Cupressaceae). Plant Disease. Guido M; Battisti A; Roques A, 1995. Wolf CB, 1948. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk. We have combined these two powerful search tools into a single Find a Plant service searching over 250,000 plant records. The tree also has symbolic and social value in Mediterranean areas, and is commonly found in cemeteries. Botanical database of the Nadeaud Herbarium of French Polynesia. It can form pure forests or be the dominant tree in pine forests or maquis vegetation. Cones may persist on the tree for several years because, as with many other Cupressus species, C. sempervirens displays varying levels of serotiny: cones may remain unopened on the tree for many years until a fire induces them to open (Vidakovic, 1991). (Listado comentado de los árboles nativos y cultivados en la República de El Salvador). Listados Florísticos de México, Vol. Our Botanical team are working hard to increase the number of plants with detailed information. var. 34 (2), 219-224. http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/, Intini M, Panconesi A, Jamâa M L B, Stanosz G, Smith D, 2005. Seed cones yellowish gray when ripe, subglobose or ellipsoid, 2.5-4 × 2-3 cm; cone scales 8-14, each fertile scale with 8-20 seeds. Data on the scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) fauna of Greece, with description of two new species. Ducrey M; Brofas G; Andreoli C; Raddi P, 1999. Andreoli C; Xenopulos S, 1990. Mediterranean & W Asia, All ratings refer to the UK growing conditions unless otherwise stated. Grow in moist but well-drained soil in full sun. Scientific Classification Kingdom Plantae Division Pinophyta Class Pinopsida Order Pinales Family Cupressaceae Genus Cupressus Scientific Name Cupressus sempervirens Quick Information Other Names Mediterranean cypress … Riv. It cannot grow in the shade. Great Savings & Free Delivery / Collection on many items 'Bolgheri' - a patent cypress variety resistant to S. cardinale. Idris EZA; Osman EMH, 2014. There is a long history of exploitation going back to the times of ancient Mediterranean civilizations. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin, 39(2-3):82-93. Little Jr EL; Skolmen RG, 2003. Il Cipresso: malattie e difesa. Allemand P, 1979. Journal of Horticultural Science, 72(3):453-460; 25 ref. National list of invasive and potentially invasive plants in the Republic of Cuba - 2011. [English title not available]. National list of invasive and potentially invasive plants in the Republic of Cuba - 2011. In 1985, much cypress was damaged by temperatures reaching -25°C, with a mean of -17°C for several hours and days. Linares JL, 2005. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2, Florence J, Chevillotte H, Ollier C, Meyer JY, 2013. DOI:10.1094/PD-89-1246A. Unless it is a particularly exposed location, there is no need to plant this variety with a stake and tie. Position one either side of a gate or doorway, or use them to line paths. Washington, DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. Cypress. Join the RHS today and support our charitable work, Keep track of your plants with reminders & care tips – all to help you grow successfully, For the latest on RHS Shows in 2021, read more, RHS members get free access to RHS Gardens, Free entry to RHS members at selected times », Reduced prices on RHS Garden courses and workshops, General enquiries Cypress. C. sempervirens is considered native to the Eastern Mediterranean region, including Libya, southern Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, and Iran (Govaerts, 2015; USDA-ARS, 2015). Evergreen. For. New Disease Reports. Capuana M; Giannini R, 1997. C. sempervirens is a medium-sized, long-lived, evergreen tree, reaching to 45m in height, with a narrow, columnar habit. It can tolerate a mean annual rainfall of less than 600 mm and droughts lasting several months, but is often poorly distributed in regions with significantly dry summers (Ducrey et al., 1999). The longetivity and graceful appearance of Mediterranean Cypress trees had led them to be the cemetery tree of choice for pantheists, Christians and Muslims alike, and they have been planted and cultivated longer than virtually any other species. English Name: Italian Cypress, Mediterranean Cy… Damage to cypress by Trisetacus juniperinus (Nal.). http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/tree_fact_sheets/cupsema.pdf, Govaerts R, 2015. Bissea: Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba, 6(Special Issue 1):22-96. Nuzzaci G; Monaco R, 1977. C. sempervirens grows on sandy, loamy and heavy (clay) soils; for optimal growth it requires some clay in the soil, which can vary from acid to alkaline. Online resource for Cupressus sempervirens. There are many cultivars for this species: the cultivar “glauca” has blue-green foliage and tight columnar form; “stricta” is one of the most popular; and “horizontalis” has horizontally-spreading branches (Gilman and Watson, 1993). www.europe-aliens.org/default.do. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers, 1150 pp. (Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela)., Caracas, Venezuela: Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela. Paris, France: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 164 pp. In: Schütt Scheck, Aas Lang (eds). This cypress is widely planted as an ornamental tree, especially the columnar and conical forms, making a characteristic feature of the Mediterranean landscape. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. In fact, it’s believed that their place of origin was in Persia or Syria and that they were brought to the Tuscan area by ‘mysterious’ Etruscan … pendulahort. RHS members can get exclusive individual advice from the RHS Gardening Advice team. A monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Sales Luis J; Do Loreto Monteiro M; Dreyfus P; Raddi P; Brofas G; Boskos L, 1999. Raddi P; Panconesi A, 1989. 58 (6), 1174. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/ppa DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02107.x, Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2015. Seiridium cardinale newly reported on Cupressus sempervirens in Morocco. Turkish Journal of Zoology. L'artigiano, Firenze, 27-43. C. sempervirens pollen causes allergic reactions in the Mediterranean region, and is one of the main causes of respiratory allergies in this area (Shahali et al., 2012). Oviedo Prieto R; Herrera Oliver P; Caluff MG, et al. 939 pp. Latin Name: Cupressus Sempervirens Pyramidalis. PROTA, 2015. Mediterranean cypress Italian cypress, Family We aim to enrich everyone’s life through plants, and make the UK a greener and more beautiful place. 10. https://www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=036010 DOI:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2017.036.010. Bursaphelenchus species in conifers in Europe: distribution and morphological relationships. They flower in spring. Lushaj B M, Woodward S, Keča N, Intini M, 2010. Contribution à l'étude de la composition chimique de l'huile essentialle de rameaux de cyprés de Grasse. Conifers get their name from the “cones” that they produce – which come in all shapes and sizes. The tree is very long-lived, with some trees reported to be over 1000 years old.Associations, In the Mediterranean region, C.sempervirens grows associated with Pinus brutia, Juniperus excelsa, Juniperus foetidissima, Juniperus drupacea, Juniperus phoenicea, Quercus spp., Pistacia atlantica, Amygdalus scoparia, and Poterium spinosum (Farjon, 2013).Environmental Requirements. In: Tessier du Cros E (ed). Eur. Due to the long horticultural history of C. sempervirens in the Mediterranean region, its original native distribution is unclear. Cypress trees are widespread across Tuscany and add sculptural elegance to Mediterranean gardens, forming tall, thin points. Biogeography of the Cinara cupressi complex (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Cupressaceae, with description of a pest species introduced into Africa. Cypress Trees are historically relevant to gardeners, who have been planting a variety of Cypress Trees for thousands of years. Mediterranean cypress trees are tall slender evergreens that add height, elegance, and beauty to any ornamental garden landscape. A patent cypress variety resistant to S. cardinale. Christchurch, New Zealand: Botany Division, DSIR. var. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. Caracas, Venezuela: Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, 860 pp. It is included in an evolving list of plants carefully researched and chosen by RHS experts. Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015), Debris and waste associated with human activities, http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, http://www.chileflora.com/Florachilena/FloraEnglish/HighResPages/EH1077.htm, http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T32518A2821211.en, http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2, http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/tree_fact_sheets/cupsema.pdf, http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, http://www.conifers.org/cu/Cupressus_sempervirens.php, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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